Physics for Electronics Engineering: Unit II: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Materials
Concept of Hole: (or) Effective or Negative Mass of Electron
The effective mass plays an important role in conduction process of semiconductors and insulators since they have full or almost filled valence bands.
CONCEPT OF HOLE: (OR) EFFECTIVE OR
NEGATIVE MASS OF ELECTRON
The
effective mass plays an important role in conduction process of semiconductors
and insulators since they have full or almost filled valence bands.
We
can find that the effective mass m* is negative near the zone edges of almost
filled valence bands. Physically speaking the electrons in these regions are
accelerated in a direction opposite to the direction of the applied field. This
is called the negative mass behaviour of the electrons.
The electrons with the negative effective mass is considered as a new entity having the same positive mass of that of an electron but with positive charge. The new entity is given the name "hole".
The
holes are not real particles like electrons or positrons, but it is a way of
looking at the negative mass behaviour of the electrons near the zone edge.
We
look upon the motion of the effective negative mass electrons as the motion of
positive holes or positive vacant sites in a nearly full band and allow the
electrons in the band to carry the current.
The
positive hole conduction and effective negative electron mass conduction are in
equilibrium. The calculations made on the hole picture appear to be more
convenient and hence the hole concept is advantageously retained.
Several
phenomena like Hall effect, Thomson effect, etc find ready explanation on the
basis of the hole concept.
Physics for Electronics Engineering: Unit II: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Materials : Tag: : - Concept of Hole: (or) Effective or Negative Mass of Electron
Physics for Electronics Engineering: Unit II: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Materials
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Physics for Electronics Engineering
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